Page 8 - Workbook - CLC Action

DAY 1 – THE ART OF LEADERSHIP: CREATING LASTING CHANGE

The 6 Historical Philosophies of the Human Psyche

Throughout modern history, there have been six fundamental approaches.
1. Psychodynamic: Dynamic psychotherapy helps patients become aware of the unconscious
forces that cause difficulties. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis was the wellspring from
which the variety of dynamic disciplines was born. The dynamic disciplines emphasize
cause-and-effect relationships between motives, drives and actions – thus the “dynamic”
relationship of unconscious and psychological conflict. It was both a behavioral theory and
a practice for treating people who exhibited disorders. Although some of the organizing
principles of the therapies within this school differ (most either revise or rebel against Freud),
the technique of psychoanalysis is generally used by all practitioners of dynamic therapy.

6 Disciplines:
1) Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Freud’s study focused on unconscious conflict and childhood traumas and their roles
in the development of later personality traits and psychological problems.
2) Analytic Psychology: Carl Jung (1875-1961)
An early colleague of Freud’s, Jung split from Freud over, among other things, the
role of one’s past in determining their current and future conditions and the idea of
a collective unconscious.
3) Individual Psychology: Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
Adler held the view that human thought and behavior are motivated by the individual’s
desire for superiority and power to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
4) Holistic Therapy: Karen Horney (1885-1952)
Horney disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and
women, and she attributed these differences to society and culture rather than biology.
5) Interpersonal Psychology: Harry Sullivan (1892-1949)

Sullivan held that interactions with others, especially significant others, determine a
person’s sense of security, sense of self and the motivations for their actions.

6) Transactional Analysis: Eric Berne (1910-1970)
Berne developed this method for studying interactions between individuals to
determine their psychological state.

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