Page 10 - Workbook - CLC Action

DAY 1 – THE ART OF LEADERSHIP: CREATING LASTING CHANGE

4. Cognitive: Cognitive psychology explores the higher mental processes including attention,
creativity, memory, perception, problem-solving, thinking and use of language. While
behaviorism sees us as mechanistic beings and humanism sees us as emotional beings
striving toward self-actualization, cognitive therapists see us as a thinking system. Thoughts
are what lead to maladaptive behavior. It has been most successfully applied to those with
moderate, non-psychotic depression. Much as we view the functions of a computer, the human
mind is considered a structured system for handling information: the senses receive stimuli,
and the mind analyzes, stores, recodes, decodes, encodes and then uses that information.

2 Forms:

1) Rational-Emotive Therapy: Albert Ellis (1913-2007)
Ellis’ work and all cognitive therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts determine
our feelings and our behavior.

2) Psycholinguistics: Noam Chomsky (1928-present)
Chomsky’s work focuses on language as innate rather than learned, and suggests
that our language and psychology are biologically linked.

5. Somatic: Somatic (from soma, Greek for “body”) therapies address disorders by treating
the physical body. In many mental disorders it is helpful to think of a continuum from
purely psychological causes and symptoms (e.g., death of a loved one, feelings of low self-
esteem) to purely biological causes and symptoms (e.g., neurochemical imbalance, sleep
disturbance) with all combinations in between. Somatic therapy holds that just as most
purely psychological problems are not always helped by medication, most biologically
based psychiatric disorders require medical intervention. A wide variety of behavioral
disorders, ranging from shyness (i.e., social phobia) and learning disabilities (e.g., attention
deficit disorder) to clearly biochemical disturbances (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia),
have been considered to have biological components warranting medical treatment.

3 Forms:

1) Drug treatment
2) Electroconvulsive (shock) treatment

3) Surgery

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